Why is US defence spending still at Cold War levels despite the dissolution of the Soviet Union? more

Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 20072008. Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. Why is US defence spending still at Cold War levels despite the dissolution of the Soviet Union? Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. US defence spending ‡ US defence spending in 1991: $ 316.5 billion (www.cdi.org) ‡ US defence spending in 2007: $ 491 billion (SIPRI: 2007) Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. US Military spending vs. The World in 2008 (billion $ and % of world total) Source: Centre for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation NonCentral / S. Asia $ 30 2% Sub Sahara $ 10 1% Latin America $ 39 3% Russia $ 70 5% M. East / N. Africa $ 82 5% East Asia / Australia $ 122 8% China $ 122 8% Europe $ 200 20% United States $ 711 48% Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. What are the reasons? Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. ‡ Shifting Emphasis in an Era of Surprise ‡ Prevail in Irregular Warfare Operations ‡ Defend the Homeland ‡ Maintain the U.S. Traditional Superiority ‡ Support Servicemembers and their Families Source: DoD February, 2006 Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. Shifting Emphasis in an Era of Surprise ‡ From the Cold War and a time of reasonable predictability ± to an era of surprise and global terrorism. ‡ From major conventional combat campaigns ± to multiple irregular warfare operations. ‡ From static defence and garrison forces ± to mobile, expeditionary operations. Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. Prevail in Irregular Warfare Operations ‡ Growth of Special Operations Forces (SOF). ‡ Expanding the language and cultural awareness training. ‡ Increases Army Combat Power. ‡ Continued Army Ground Force Modernization with Future Combat System. ‡ Expand Unmanned Aerial Reconnaissance Force. Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. Defend the Homeland ‡ Defences Against Catastrophic Terrorist actions. ‡ Expand Missile Defence capability. ‡ Produce and field additional ground and sea-based interceptors. ‡ Expand global communications capabilities. Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. Maintain the U.S. Traditional Superiority ‡ Joint Air Support Capabilities ‡ Joint Air Capabilities ‡ Joint Maritime Capabilities Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. Support Servicemembers and their Families ‡ Support soldier and their families ‡ Housing ‡ Quality of Life initiatives ‡ Sustaining Military Health Care Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. WHAT ARE THE FACTORS? Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. There are three main factors ‡ Political (NEO CONS) ‡ Military Industry Complex ‡ Real and Perceived threats Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. Political (NEO CONS) ‡ Highly influential movement (Political Philosophy ± 1960s). ‡ Use of Power (forcefully). ‡ President Regan high military spending. Source: (Hapler, 2004) Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. ‡ 1990, defence spending and US role warning ‡ 9/11 closer to Bush administration (not enough defence spending) stronger military by higher military spending ± face threats & stop terrorism. ‡ Two groups of neo-cons. ‡ Unchallenged super power. Source (D Held, 2004) Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. Military Industrial Complex ³In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes´. President Dwight Eisenhower Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. ‡ A military-industrial complex (MIC) is 1. Composed of a nations Armed Forces, 2. Manufacturers of weapon systems, 3. Supplies and services and 4. Civil government. ‡ The term "MIC" is most often used in reference to the United States, where it gained popularity after its use in the farewell address of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. World Top 10 Arms Companies, 2006 Rank Company Country Military Sales ($m) Total Sales ($m) Military Sales as % of Total Sales 91.0 50.0 93.0 78.4 1 2 3 4 Lockheed Martin Boeing BAE Systems Northrup Grumman US US UK US $36,090 $30,800 $25,071 $23,649 $39,620 $61,530 $29,968 $30,148 5 6 Raytheon General Dynamics US US $19,500 $18,769 $20,291 $24,063 96.1 78.0 7 8 EADS L-3 Communications Netherlands US $13,203 $9,990 $52,019 $12,477 25.4 80.1 9 10 Finmeccanica United Technologies Italy US $9,057 $7,653 $16,466 $47,829 55.0 16.0 Figures are taken from Defence News 16 July 2007 Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. Lobbying/Influence ‡ Defence: Top Contributors to Federal Candidates and Parties ‡ Election cycle: Total contributions: $10,856,483 http://www.opensecrets.org/industries/contrib.asp?Ind=D&Cycle=2006 Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. Rank Organization Amount Dems Repubs Source Indivs PACs Soft $ 1 2 3 4 5 Lockheed Martin Northrop Grumman General Dynamics Raytheon Co Boeing Co Honeywell International BAE Systems United Technologies SAIC Inc DRS Technologies $958,220 $881,155 $841,588 $791,822 $778,802 49% 50% 60% 50% 55% 51% 50% 40% 50% 45% 6 $679,841 48% 52% 7 $528,852 48% 52% 8 $502,600 56% 44% 9 $434,073 51% 49% 10 $254,350 53% 47% Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008. http://www.watir.org/res/mil_indust_complex.htm Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008 Military Industry Complex ‡ MIC have been active in fomenting war scares and exaggerating threats. MIC have attempted to bribe government officials. MIC have disseminated false reports in- order to stimulate armament expenditure. ‡ ‡ Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008 ‡ MIC have sought to influence public opinion through the control of newspapers. ‡ MIC have organized international armament exhibitions ± encouraging an arms race. ‡ That armament firms have organized international armament trusts which have increased the price of armaments sold to governments. Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008 Real and Perceived threats Real threats: ‡ Terrorism & WMD ‡ Ongoing conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan ‡ Governance, Politica Instability and Democratization (Failed States) Source: www.globalsecurity.org Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008 Perceived threats: ‡ China ‡ Iran & North Korea (Nuclear threats) ‡ Syria ‡ New Weapons Technology ‡ Energy security Source: www.globalsecurity.org Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008 Three main factors ‡ Political (NEO-CONS) ‡ Military Industry Complex ‡ Perceived and Real threats Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008 ³Less than a nickel on the dollar for American security in the 21st century is cheap at the price.´ -Letter to Pres. Bush from Project for the New American Century, Jan. 2003 Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008 Conclusion (W)ith superiority secure for the near-term, now is the perfect window of opportunity to transform the way DOD organizes and equips itself to fight our 21st Century adversaries. Leveraging rapidly changing technology with flexible organizations and adaptable doctrine, the U.S. military aims to become lighter, faster, and more lethal. - US Office of Management & Budget, 2005 Executive office of the President Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008 Any questions? Critical Security Studies Presentation by Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008 THANK YOU! Critical Security Studies Presentation by) Owais Rajput (Kashmiri born British Citizen Muslim), Jana Farr (American Citizen), Saghir Iqbal (British Born Citizen Muslim Kashmiri) , Mohamuod Nasif (Saudi Citizen), Bilbil Kastrati (Kosovo Citizen), All MA International Politics & Security Studies Students in Peace Studies Department University of Bradford UK, 2007-2008 Presentation prepared by: ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Owais Rajput Jana Farr Saghir Iqbal Mohamuod Nasif Bilbil Kastrati Module: Critical Security Studies Lecturer: Neil Cooper Peace Studies Department University of Bradford 2007/2008